by fiat most likely predates the Mesopotamian tradition. But that does not make Genesis 1 dependent on the Pyramid Texts. The Egyptian example of word cosmogony obviously resembles the Hellenistic concept of the logos and the logos doctrine of John 1. It suggests another way of accounting for some parallels between the Bible and the ancient Near East. Both biblical and extrabiblical exemplars may enshrine recollections or revelations of truth, whether recollections of God’s original self-revelation,